View source for Bear

[[File:Bear.png|thumb]]
[[File:The Original Spags Bear Pride Flag.gif|thumb|The original Spags bear flag.]]
[[File:Second Bear Pride Flag Designs.gif|thumb|Second bear flag.]]
[[File:Bear Brotherhood Flag with Fur-Colored Rainbow Flag.gif|thumb|Bear brotherhood flag.]]
[[File:Bear Brotherhood Flag Black Cross on Red.gif|thumb|Another bear brotherhood flag.]]
[[File:Cub.jpg|thumb|Cub flag.]]
[[File:Non-binary bear.png|thumb|Non-binary bear flag.]]
[[File:Femme bear.png|thumb|Feminine bear flag.]]
[[File:Trans bear.png|thumb|Transmasculine bear flag.]]
One of the many long-standing [[W:C:orientation:gay|gay]] subcultures, a '''bear''' in an [[LGBTQIA+]] context is a large, hairy [[queer]] man who self-identifies with the 'bear' label. Being a bear combines [[gender expression]], [[gender identity]], and [[Sexual orientation|sexuality]]; a large, hairy [[W:C:orientation:Heterosexual|straight]] man would not be a bear.<ref name="A-Z">{{Cite_print |author=Holleb, Morgan Lev Edward |title=The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |date=2019 |isbn=9781784506636}}</ref> They are generally [[masculine]]-presenting men over the age of 30 whose build may include a big belly, legs, and/or butt. Bears almost always have a full beard or facial hair, and they are often associated with so-called "traditional masculinity"<ref name="Pink News: Bear">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/05/18/what-is-a-bear-the-gay-tribe-for-big-hairy-hunky-men/ |title=What is a bear? The gay tribe for big, hairy, hunky men |author=Polaris, Danny |work=[https://www.pinknews.co.uk/ PinkNews] |date=2018-05-18}}</ref> or "rugged masculinity". However, there is a debate within the bear community regarding the acceptability of [[Feminine|femininity]];<ref name="A-Z" /> they tend to be contrasted with identities such as [[twink]]s and [[femme]]s. Although bears are implicitly masculine people, being a bear is not about specific mannerisms or identities like "masc",<ref name="Pink News: Bear" /> and bear identity does not indicate preferred partners or sexual roles.<ref name="A-Z" />

{{Cleanup}}

==Community==

=== Identities under the umbrella ===
The following are examples of more specific labels that are either considered subsets of bear, or otherwise related to the community.

==== Cub ====
Under-30s aspiring to become bears are sometimes called "cubs".<ref name="Pink News: Bear" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pride.com/identities/2016/4/05/popular-gay-slang-inspired-animal-kingdom|title=Popular Gay Slang Inspired by the Animal Kingdom|publisher=Pride Publishing Inc.|date=05-04-2016|archivedate=20220605212444}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/vistas/gay-subculture-identification|title=Gay Subculture Identification:
Training Counselors to Work With Gay Men|author=Justin L. Maki|publisher=ACA Knowledge Center|archivedate=20220316000550}}</ref> They are often described as being smaller in frame compared to bears.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.montclair.edu/lgbtq-center/lgbtq-resources/terminology/|title=Terminology - LGBTQ Center|archivedate=20220515190417|publisher=Montclair State University}}</ref>

==== Otter ====
[[File:Otter.png|thumb|Otter flag.]]
Bears who are more thin or athletic, but still have an abundance of facial and body hair, are referred to as "otters".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite print|author=John Dececco, Les Wright|title=The Bear Book II: Further Readings in the History and Evolution of a Gay Male Subculture|publisher=Routledge|date=08-04-2016|isbn=9781136383274}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://pairedlife.com/dating/Gay-Men-Are-you-a-Jock-Otter-Bear-or-Wolf|title=Gay Men: Are You a Jock, Otter, Bear or Wolf?|author=John Hollywood|date=03-02-2022|archivedate=20220201085134}}</ref> They are also sometimes described as being between bear and [[twink]].<ref name=":0" />

==== Wolf ====
[[File:Wolf.png|thumb|Wolf flag.]]
Bears who are more muscular but still have plenty of hair are sometimes referred to as "wolves". They are usually also described as being more "sexually aggressive", or otherwise as the more dominant person in a relationship.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

====Mammoth====
[[File:Mammoth.webp|thumb|Mammoth flag]]
{{stub|section}}

===History===

In the mid-1980s, [[W:C:orientation:gay men]] in the [[Wikipedia:San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco Bay Area]] who called themselves "bears" met informally at Bear Hug (sex) parties and via the newly emerging Internet. The term ''bear'' was popularized by Richard Bulger, who, along with his then partner [[Wikipedia:Chris Nelson (photographer)|Chris Nelson]] (1960–2006), founded ''[[Wikipedia:Bear Magazine|Bear Magazine]]'' in 1987. George Mazzei wrote an article for ''[[Wikipedia:The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'' in 1979 called "Who's Who in the Zoo?",<ref name="When The Advocate Invented Bears">{{cite web|url = http://www.advocate.com/comedy/2014/04/17/tbt-when-advocate-invented-bears|title = When The Advocate Invented Bears|access-date = 6 March 2015|website = The Advocate|date = 17 April 2014|publisher = Here Media Inc.}}</ref> that characterized gay men as seven types of animals, including [[bear]]s.<ref name="Mazzei">George Mazzei, (1979). ''Who's Who in the Zoo?''. "The Advocate", pages 42–43.</ref>

At the onset of the bear movement, some bears separated from the [[W:C:orientation:gay community|gay community]] at large, forming "bear clubs" to create social and sexual opportunities of their own. Many clubs are loosely organized social groups; others are modeled on leather biker-patch clubs, with a strict set of bylaws, membership requirements, and charities. Bear clubs often sponsor large yearly events"bear runs" or "bear gatherings" the annual events such as Southern HiBearNation in [[Wikipedia:Melbourne|Melbourne]], Bear Pride and Bear Essentials in Sydney]], Bearstock in [[Wikipedia:Adelaide|Adelaide]], HiBearNation in [[Wikipedia:St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]], [[Wikipedia:San Francisco|SF]] Bear Weekend, CBL's Bear Hunt,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carolinabears.com/bearhunt |title=Bear Hunt – Bears Back to the 80's |publisher=Carolinabears.com |access-date=2013-11-22 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bear Pride in [[Wikipedia:Chicago|Chicago]], [[Wikipedia:Atlanta|Atlanta]] Bear Pride, Texas Bear Round Up (TBRU) in [[Wikipedia:Dallas|Dallas]], [[Wikipedia:Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] Bear Bash,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orlandobearbash.com |title=Gay Bear event in Orlando, Florida. Gay Bear, Gay Leather, Gay Men in Uniform |publisher=Orlando Bear Bash |access-date=2013-11-22}}</ref> and Bear Week in [[Wikipedia:Provincetown, Massachusetts|Provincetown]] (since 2001), drawing regional, national and international visitors. Many LGBT events attract a significant bear following, such as [[Wikipedia:Southern Decadence|Southern Decadence]] in [[Wikipedia:New Orleans|New Orleans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southerndecadence.net |title=Southern Decadence Official Website |publisher=Southerndecadence.net |date=2013-11-12 |access-date=2013-11-22 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

"Sociology of the Urban Gay Bear", written by Les K. Wright, was the first article to appear in print, in [[Wikipedia:Drummer (magazine)|''Drummer'' magazine]], edited by [[Wikipedia:Jack Fritscher|Jack Fritscher]]. Fritscher was the founding editor of San Francisco's ''California Action Guide'' (1982). With ''California Action Guide'', Fritscher became the first editor to publish the word ''bear'' (with the gay culture meaning) on a magazine cover (November 1982).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernadicou |first1=August |title=Jack Fritscher |url=https://www.augustnation.com/jack-fritscher |website=August Nation |publisher=The LGBTQ History Project |access-date=14 July 2019 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714222227/https://www.augustnation.com/jack-fritscher |url-status=dead }}</ref>

As well, with producer Mark Hemry in 1984, Fritscher co-founded the pioneering [[Wikipedia:Palm Drive Video|Palm Drive Video]] featuring homomasculine entertainment. Palm Drive Video expanded in 1996 to Palm Drive Publishing, San Francisco. For Palm Drive, Fritscher wrote, cast, and directed more than 150 video features. His work includes documentary footage of the first bear contest (Pilsner Inn, February 1987). A bear contest is a feature at many bear events, a sort of masculine beauty pageant awarding titles and sashes (often made of leather) to winners. This footage is no longer for sale, as Fritscher declined to shift to DVD format and shut down the video company.

One example of a bear contest was International Mr. Bear, formerly held each February at the International Bear Rendezvous in [[Wikipedia:San Francisco|San Francisco]]. It attracted contestants, often with local titles, from all over the world. The first International Mr. Bear was held in 1992, and the last was held in 2011. The contest included Bear, Daddy, Cub, and Grizzly titles with the contestant who received the highest score winning the bear title, regardless of what type he was. Example: "Mr. [[Wikipedia:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] Bear, 2006". Gay "leather-bears" have competed in leather contests, and "muscle-bears" are another subculture noted by their muscular body mass.

The [[Wikipedia:Bear flag (gay culture)|International Bear Brotherhood Flag]] is the pride flag of the bear community. Craig Byrnes created this flag in 1995.<ref name="Muzzy2005">{{cite book|last=Muzzy|first=Frank|title=Gay and Lesbian Washington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fklt6AZAKxUC&pg=PA112|year=2005|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738517537|page=112}}</ref>

The Bear History Project, founded by Les L. Wright in 1995, documented the emergence and early evolution of bear identity and bear community. It became the source material for much of ''The Bear Book'' (1999) and ''The Bear Book II'' (2001). Publication of ''The Bear Book'' led to the Library of Congress adding "bear" as a category. The Bear History Project is archived in the Human Sexuality Collection at [[Wikipedia:Cornell University|Cornell University]]. It continues to be added to.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=Bear History Project |url=https://leskwright.com/bear-history-project/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Les K. Wright |language=en}}</ref>

The bear community has spread all over the world, with bear clubs in many countries. Bear clubs often serve as social and sexual networks for their members, who can contribute to their local gay communities through fund-raising and other functions. Bear events have become very common, to include smaller-sized cities and many rural areas. Most gay-oriented campgrounds now include some type of bear-related event during their operating season.

The bear community constitutes a specialty niche in the commercial market. It offers T-shirts and other accessories as well as calendars and porn movies and magazines featuring bear icons, e.g., Jack Radcliffe. Catalina Video has a bear-themed line, the "Furry Features Series". Other adult studios which feature bear-type men are ''[[Wikipedia:Bear Magazine|Bear Magazine]]'', ''100% BEEF Magazine'', BearFilms, Bear, Butch Bear, [[Wikipedia:Raging Stallion Studios|Raging Stallion]], and [[Wikipedia:Titan Media|Titan Media]]. There are also social media websites and smartphone apps that market to men of the bear community.

As the bear community has matured, so has its music and literature, as well as other (non-pornographic) arts, media, and culture. Examples include Bearapalooza, a traveling bear music festival; Bear Bones Books, an imprint of [[LGBT|LGBTQ]] publisher [[Wikipedia:Lethe Press|Lethe Press]], which markets fiction, nonfiction, and poetry titles written by and for bears; BearRadio.net, which streams bear and LGBT music and bear-themed podcast shows. "Bear Icons, the first bear-themed art exhibit (1999-2002), toured to Boston, Provincetown, New York City, and Washington, DC. The larger organized bear runs often host a "bear market" area where artisans, musicians, and others offer items for sale.

As more gay men have identified themselves as bears, more bars, especially leather or western bars, have become bear-friendly. Some bars cater specifically to bear patrons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bearworldmagazine.com/12-best-bear-bars-in-the-world/|title=12 Best Bear Bars In The World|date=2018-04-02|website=Bear World Magazine|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref>

===Flag===
The bear flag was created by psychology undergraduate student Craig Byrnes in 1995.<ref name="Gay Star News: Pride flags">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/pride-flags-the-biggest-guide-to-lgbt-rainbow-flags-and-what-they-all-mean/ |title=Pride flags: The biggest guide to LGBT+ rainbow flags and what they all mean |author=Reid-Smith, Tris |work=[https://www.gaystarnews.com/ Gay Star News]}}</ref> The colors of this flag are derived from the animals rather than the people; thus, the varying shades of brown, white, and black are reminiscent of colors found in bear fur.<ref name="Pink News: Pride flags">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/06/01/all-of-the-flags-you-might-see-at-pride-and-what-they-mean/ |title=Pride flags: All of the flags you might see at Pride and what they mean |author=Glass, Jess |work=[https://www.pinknews.co.uk/ PinkNews] |date=2020-06-01}}</ref>

== References ==
<references/>


{{FandomImport|wikicode=lgbtqia|wikiname=LGBTQIA+ Wiki}}

{{Wikipedia}}
[[Category:Gender Expression]]
[[Category:Pages with Broken Hyperlinks]]
[[Category:Male]]